Issue: Vol. 9, Issue 1, (2026): Nigerian Annals of Pure & Applied Sciences | Section: Original Article

SEASONAL PATTERNS AND TRANSMISSION RISK OF Simulium SPECIES (BLACKFLIES) IN KAGARKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE NIGERIA

Authors

  • Abdullahi, R. A.
    Onchocerciasis Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Oyeyi, T. I.
    Bayero University Kano


  • Abubakar, A.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Garba, J.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Jonah, A. O.
    Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Suleja


  • Ayakpat, H.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Andrew, T.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Baraya, K.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Daniel, J.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Tamba, Z.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Wayo, D.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Sambo, F.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Ubale, K.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Usman, M. B.
    Vector and Parasitology Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Hafsah, M.
    Onchocerciasis Research Department, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kaduna State Nigeria


  • Olarenwaju, T.
    Human African Trypanosomiasis Department, NITR Kaduna



Abstract

Blackflies and onchocerciasis are still an important problem to health and agriculture in developing countries including Nigeria. This study was thus aimed at carrying out an entomological assessment of the transmission of Onchocerca species by blackflies in Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Blackflies were collected through the Human Landing Catch (HLC) method between 7:00 am – 5:50 pm over a twelve-month period (July 2019 – June 2020). The blackflies were identified using morphotaxonomic characters. Dissections were done to determine parity of the blackflies. Infection rates were determined through further dissections of the abdomen, thorax and head. Transmission indices were determined through specific formulae. A total of 3512 adult Simulium damnosum were caught on HLC. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded using the whirling hygrometer. The abundance of blackflies and weather showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05). Seasonal blackfly abundance was higher in the rainy season (93.4%) than the dry season. The savannah species of blackflies was significantly more abundant than the forest species (p < 0.05). Out of the 779 dissected blackflies, 73.68% were parous. Parity rates between rainy season and dry season differed significantly (p< 0.05). From these results, the study area still remains endemic to blackflies and onchocerciasis transmission despite interventions implying that interventions have not been fully effective in order to achieve complete elimination of the disease. 

Published: 2026

How to Cite

Abdullahi, R. A., Oyeyi, T. I., Abubakar, A., Garba, J., Jonah, A. O., Ayakpat, H., Andrew, T., Baraya, K., Daniel, J., Tamba, Z., Wayo, D., Sambo, F., Ubale, K., Usman, M. B., Hafsah, M., Olarenwaju, T.(2026) Seasonal Patterns And Transmission Risk Of simulium species (blackflies) In Kagarko Local Government Area Of Kaduna State Nigeria. Nigerian Annals of Pure and Applied Sciences, 9(1), 272-289.



License

Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullahi, R. A., Oyeyi, T. I., Abubakar, A., Garba, J., Jonah, A. O., Ayakpat, H., Andrew, T., Baraya, K., Daniel, J., Tamba, Z., Wayo, D., Sambo, F., Ubale, K., Usman, M. B., Hafsah, M., Olarenwaju, T.

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