Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Calocybe indica Purkay & Chandra on Selected Microorganisms
Authors
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Senjobi C. T.
Plant Science Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9915-9702
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Onumah, K. C.
Plant Science Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Jimoh M.O.
Plant Science Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Okechukwu O.C.
Plant Science Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Lawal O. I
Plant Science Department, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Ettu A.O
Sikiru Adetona College of Education, Science and Technology, Omu-Ajose, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The rapid evolution of drug resistant microorganisms has made rnthe absolute treatment of microbial infections difficult and this rnchallenge is of great concern to medical practitioners. Hence, the rnneed for development of novel drugs that are highly potent in rncombating microbes. This study evaluated the antimicrobial rnpotential of the ethanol extract of Calocybe indica on five (5) rnbacteria strains and two (2) fungi species Phytochemical rnanalysis was carried out to investigate the active constituents of rnCalocybe indica using standard protocols, while gas rnchromatography mass spectrometry was done to elucidate the rnactive compounds and data were analysed for descriptive rnstatistics. Results revealed the successful eradication of two rnstrains of Candida (22.67 ± 3.06mm, 23.33 ± 6.51mm), S. aureus rn(16.33 ± 1.53mm) by the extract of Calocybe indica, with E. coli rnhaving the largest zone of inhibition (18.67 ± 1.15mm) and rnKlebsiella pneumonia, the lowest zone of inhibition (7.33 ± rn1.53mm). Phytochemical analysis of Calocybe indica rnunravelled the presence of abundant saponins, moderate rnalkaloids and steroids, trace flavonoids while tannins and rnterpenoids were absent. Using gas chromatography mass rnspectrometry, eleven (11) metabolites such as 1, 12-tridecadiene, rntridecanal, 1, 3-cycloheptadiene, hexadecanoic acid, methyl rnester, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z), rnmethyl ester, amongst other chemical compounds were rnidentified in the Calocybe indica. These metabolites might be rnresponsible for the antimicrobial activity of the mushroom, thus rnthe need for further research on the isolation and characterization rnof the compounds stimulating this activity.
Keywords: antimicrobial, Calocybe indica, bacteria strains, fungi species, metabolites